Reinforcing the correlation between the presence of high-added value compounds with the bioactive properties of tisanes using a categorical principal component analysis
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abstract
The chemical composition and biological properties correlation in several medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) is still underexplored, especially in its most common form of consumption as tisane [1, 2]. A categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA) with optimal scaling was used to explore the combined relations between the phenolic compounds present in the five tisanes in study and their bioactive activities (antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anti- inflammatory). The number of plotted dimensions chosen allowed the meaningful interpretations of the results obtained, being the first two-dimensions the ones accounting for most of the total variance obtained (40.8% and 26.1%, respectively). The tisane composed by Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze, Mentha x piperita L., and Mentha spicata L. was positively correlated with the family of TF (total flavonoids), ToC (total other compounds), and TPC (total phenolic compounds) meaning that this sample present the highest concentrations, while is negatively correlated with the Minimum inhibitory concentration values obtained for the bacterial strains L. monocytogenes and E. faecalis (presenting the lowest MIC values, and for that manner the highest antibacterial activity against this strains). TPA (total phenolic acids) is strongly correlated with the tisane composed by Hypericum androsaemum L., Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, and Syzygium aromaticum L.; and moderately correlated with the tisane composed by T. citriodorus, Thymus mastichina L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill, and Gomphrena globosa L.; presenting this two samples negative correlations with the vast majority of the bioactive activities studied, which means lower IC50, GI50, and MIC values (higher bioactive potential). The results obtained by the CAPTCA, reinforce the correlation between the presence of phenolic compounds and the bioactivities presented by the tisanes, allowing the choice of the appropriate tisane depending on the intended biological activity. This knowledge could be applied in the pharmaceutical and food industry for the development of novel functional products.
To the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2019); the national funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional and individual scientific employment program-contract for L. Barros/M.I. Dias and J. Pinela contract (CEECIND/01011/2018), respectively; to FEDER-Interreg España-Portugal programme (TRANSCoLAB 0612_TRANS_CO_LAB_2_P). To the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of Project GreenHealth - Digital strategies in biological assets to improve well-being and promote green health, Norte- 01-0145-FEDER-000042; and within the scope of the project “BIOMA – Bioeconomy integrated solutions for the mobilization of the Agro-food market” (POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046112), by “BIOMA” Consortium, through the Incentive System to Research and Technological development, within the Portugal2020 Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program. To the Cantinho das Aromáticas company for providing the tisane samples
