Response surface methodology applied to ultrasound-assisted extraction of raspberry and blueberry pruning residues
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abstract
Due to their high nutritional value, berries production has increased, but this inevitably leads to
the accumulation of bioresidues. To prevent this, leaves and other aerial components of berry
plants can be converted into valuable ingredients for cosmetics applications due to their unique
chemical composition and functional properties. Ultrasound-assisted extraction methodology is an
efficient technique to obtain these potentially bioactive extracts. The objective of this study was to
investigate the optimal conditions to maximize the yield of ultrasound-assisted extractions of
pruning residues of Rubus idaeus L. (raspberry) and Vaccinium myrtillus L. (blueberry) using
response surface methodology (RSM). Three factors were used in the analysis: solvent ranging
from 0% to 100% ethanol:water, time ranging from 5 to 30 minutes and extractive power from
20% to 100% (maximum of 500W). The Box Behnken design was used, relying on 17 individual
randomized runs. The response to optimize was the dry weight of the extract (YRB and YBB),
which ranged from 22.2 to 202.8 and 123.5 to 394.0 mg/g, respectively. The optimization
performed by RSM indicated the optimal extractive point as a function of dry weight at 32.9% of
ethanol:water, 15.2 min and 95.7% of extractive power for raspberry; and 63.6% of ethanol:water,
29.5 min, and 72.2% of extractive power regarding blueberry extract. Hydrolyzable tannins were
the major phenolic compounds found in raspberry extract, while blueberry extracts showed a
higher presence in flavonoids. These results showed that the pruning residue extracts could have a
potential application in the cosmetic industry.
The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology
(FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) to CIMO
(UIDB/00690/2020 and UIDP/00690/2020) and SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2020). L. Barros and S.
Heleno also thanks FCT through the institutional scientific employment program–contract for her
contract. This study was financied within the mobilizing project ‘AquaeVitae - Água Termal Como
Fonte de Vida e Saúde” - “PROMOVE – O futuro do Interior” call 2020, Fundação BPI La Caixa.
