Wet peroxide oxidation of paracetamol using natural clay-based materials as catalysts
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abstract
In recent years, many pharmaceutical compounds have been identified worldwide at trace levels (in
the order from ng·L·1 to mg·L-1) in the aquatic 12nvironment [1]. The presence of pharmaceutical
contaminants in water, even at low concentrations, could bring harmful toxicological consequences to
human beings and animals that ingested the contaminated water [2]. This work deals with the treatment
of water containing paracetamol (PCM) by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) using clay-based
materials as catalysts. PCM was considered as a model pharmaceutical emergent pollutant. For the
preparation of the catalysts, natural clays from four different regions of Kazakhstan were used Akzhar,
Asa, Karatau, and Kokshetau. From the clay obtained in kokshetau deposit, three catalysts were
prepared: 1) natural one (KON), 2) calcined clay at 600 °C for 5 h (KOC), and 3) a pillarized clay (KOP)
with a pillaring solution containing 0.25 M CoCI2, 0.5 M FeCI3 and 0.5 M NaOH, resulting in
OH/(Fe+Co) = 2:1. Additionally, three clays were ptrepared by the same procedure of pillarization from
the Akzhar, Asa and Karatau natural clays, resulting in AKP, ASP, and KAP, respectively. The
concentration of PCM, H20 2 and total organic carbon (TOC) were followed during the CWPO
experiments (Fig. 1 ). All materials revealed high catalytic activity, the non-pillared samples allowing to
remove more than 33.4% of PCM after 24 h of reaction time under the following operating conditions:
80 °C, initial pH 3.5, Ccatalyst = 2.5 g L-1, CPCM = 100 mg L-1 and CH202 = 472 mg L-1. The CWPO runs
done with the pill a red clay catalysts resulted in more than 90% of removal of the pollutant after 24 h of
reaction. The best catalyst was KOP since it leads to the complete removal of the pollutant after 8 h of
reaction time and to the highest abatement of TOC (>60%) under the same operational conditions.
This work is a result of Project "AIProcMat@N2020 -Advanced lndustrial Processes and Materials for a Sustainable Northern Region of Portugal 2020', with the reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000006, supported by ERDF; and the Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM UID/EQU/50020/2019 - funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC); and CIMO - UID/AGR/00690/2019 through FEDERunder Program PT2020.
