The evolution and current status of organic beekeeping in Portugal
Conference Paper
Overview
Overview
abstract
The Portuguese beekeeping sector is one of the most resilient and persistent farming activities in the last decade. In the last five years, the figures reveal a counter cycle behavior with an increment in the number of colonies, apiaries and beekeepers, as shown in the National Beekeeping Program: there are 16.403 beekeepers with a total of 550.757 colonies. Following the same positive trend, the conversion from conventional to organic production as evolved in the period 2004/2012, from 738 up to 28.607 colonies (5% of the beekeeping sector), with a estimated production of 570 tons of certified honey, corresponding to an income of € 1.800.000. Even so, these figures are still below other European countries with similar environment potentialities like Italy, where the organic beekeeping represents more than 100.000 colonies (8% of total colonies) and even below the 7.6% that the organic farming represents in the Portuguese agriculture, which would be equivalent to more than 42.000 colonies. The sector organization and professionalization, the country natural resources (diverse nectar flows of high value) and the additional value given to organic products were expected to be self-sufficient factors for a sustainable enhancement of the number of organic beekeepers. However, it is been clear from the Portuguese experience that those key factors do not work alone without a continuous promotion of the production mode, focusing in the certification procedure, the specificities of beekeeping management and in the market approach: the distribution of Portuguese organic beekeepers is more concentrated in areas where the local organizations are more proactive towards the organic production. Additionally, it is interesting to notice that the profile of the organic beekeeper reveal some particularities: it is younger, with an academic background, frequently a degree in natural sciences or technologies complemented by specific beekeeping training. The interest for organic beekeeping, which represents the main income, arose from the commercial advantages, the environment protection but also from the influence of the local organization. More than 90% of the present Portuguese organic beekeepers are strongly engaged with the production mode, but highlight as the weakest points the efficacy and limitations of varroa treatments and a market value below their expectations.
