The nutritional status and olive yield after three years of the cultivation of legume species as a cover crop in an olive orchard
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Growing self-reseeding annual legumes in olive orchards may increase the sustainability of the
cropping system by increasing soil organic carbon and reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers. In
thls work, results are presented on the nitrogen nutritional status of trees and olive yields three
years after the introduction of different ground-cover treatments in an olive orchard located in
NE PortugaL The experimental design included three ground-cover treatments: Natural
vegetation (Nat veg); Natural vegetation fertilized with 60 kg N ha'1 yr·1 (Nat vet +N); and a
mixture of eleven self-reseeding annual legumes (Legumes). The experiment started in October
2009. The nutritional statUs of olive trees was assessed by leaf analysis, collecting leaves in July
2012 and January 2013 and determining the concentration of nutrients in leaves. In November
2012, the olive yields were recorded from eight pre-tagged trees per treatment. Nitrogen
concentration in leaves and olive yields were significandy different among the ground-cover
treatments. In July 2012, leaf N concentrations were 1 0.8, 11.9 and 14.1 g kg'', respectively in the
treatments Nat veg, Nat veg +N and Legumes. In January 2013, the values were 12.6, 15.6 and
15.7 g kg·1
• The olive yields were 2.9, 5.6 and 8.6 kg tree·', respectively in Nat veg, Nat veg +N
and Legumes. Three years after the establishment of the ground-cover treatments, the olive trees
of the Legumes treatment showed a better nitrogen nutritional status and a higher productivity
than those managed with natural vegetation even when they were fertilized with 60 kg N ha·1
