Biodiesel production from residual cooking oils and its purification by adsorption processes based on adsorbents of natural origin
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The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through
national funds FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020 and UIDP/00690/2020) and SusTEC
(LA/P/0007/2021).
Total global energy consumption has increased significantly in recent decades, and nowadays the main
sources of world energy are oil, coal and natural gas. In addition to environmental concerns, the
limited availability of fossil fuels has increased the interest in exploring alternative energy sources. In
this quest, biofuel is a promising renewable energy source with low carbon emissions, also, it can be
produced from a variety of resources, including waste cooking oil (WCO). Biodiesel is renewable,
biodegradable, non-toxic, sulfur-free and free of aromatic carcinogens