Analysis of the resistive forces acting on a world-ranked wheelchair sprinter at different speeds
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Elderly’s physical activity and exercise is a huge concern in fitness instruction to delay physical frailty (Jones & Rikli, 2002). The multicomponent training helps to improve the physical condition in different variables such as strength, resistance, flexibility and balance (Carvalho et al., 2009). Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of an eight months multicomponent training program in functional fitness of community-living elderlies.
Forty-nine 64.39 (± 6.33) year old elderlies took part of this research, 11 males who were 67.45 (± 4.93) and 38 females who were 63.50 (± 7.47) years old. All procedures were in accordance to the Declaration of Helsinki and a written consent was obtained from the participants.
The multicomponent training program was applied with the Carvalho et al, (2009) recommendations. It was a 8 months program and the training frequency was three times per week. The elderly’s functional fitness was assessed with the functional fitness test (FFT) of Jones & Rikli, (2002). The T-test allowed to assess the differences between the pre and post training program in the body composition. The tests were performed with a significant level of 5%. The multicomponent training program improved significantly the elderly’s functional fitness in upper and lower limbs strength. The other variables didn’t present significant improvements with the multicomponent training program, however, it is worth noting that everyone improved their scores. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the multicomponent training program may improve and/or preserve elderlies’ functional fitness.
Elderly’s physical activity and exercise is a huge concern in fitness instruction to delay physical frailty (Jones & Rikli, 2002). The multicomponent training helps to improve the physical condition in different variables such as strength, resistance, flexibility and balance (Carvalho et al., 2009). Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of an eight months multicomponent training program in functional fitness of community-living elderlies. Forty-nine 64.39 (± 6.33) year old elderlies took part of this research, 11 males who were 67.45 (± 4.93) and 38 females who were 63.50 (± 7.47) years old. All procedures were in accordance to the Declaration of Helsinki and a written consent was obtained from the participants.
The multicomponent training program was applied with the Carvalho et al, (2009) recommendations. It was a 8 months program and the training frequency was three times per week. The elderly’s functional fitness was assessed with the functional fitness test (FFT) of Jones & Rikli, (2002). The T-test allowed to assess the differences between the pre and post training program in the body composition. The tests were performed with a significant level of 5%. The multicomponent training program improved significantly the elderly’s functional fitness in upper and lower limbs strength. The other variables didn’t present significant improvements with the multicomponent training program, however, it is worth noting that everyone improved their scores. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the multicomponent training program may improve and/or preserve elderlies’ functional fitness.
Physical exercise is recommended to maintain the muscular mass in elderlies (Singh, 2002). Among the different types of exercise programs, there is the multicomponent training (Carvalho et al., 2010). The multicomponent training program allows the subjects to improve their physical condition (Strength, resistance, flexibility and balance) (Carvalho et al., 2009). However, there is no consensus about the influence of multicomponent training in body composition. Thus, the aim of this study was to access the multicomponent training effect in elderly’s body composition. The sample of this study was composed of forty nine 64.39 (± 6.33) year-old elderlies. Among them, 11 were 67.45 (± 4.93) year-old males and 38 were 63.50 (± 7.47) year-old females. All procedures carried out in this research were in accordance to the Declaration of Helsinki. A multicomponent training program was applied with the Carvalho et al, (2009). The program took 8 months and the training frequency was three times per week. The elderly’s body composition were assessed with bio-impedance (Tanita, BC-545). The T-test allowed to assess the differences between the pre and post training program in the body composition. The tests were performed with a significant level of 5%. A multicomponent training program in elderlies seems to influence the body composition. The total body mass decreased between the two moments. The bone mineral mass and body water percentage had a significant increase between the two moments. Even more, all the variables improved between the two moments.
The main resistive forces (RF) in wheelchair racing are rolling resistance (RR) and aerodynamic drag (D).
