Cerebral vascular accident: comparison of knowledge acquired by nursing students
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A clinical situation in which foetal red blood cells carrying different surface antigens pass through the placenta into the maternal circulation. Following the initial exposure, the maternal immune system produces IgM-type antibodies. A second exposure triggers the rapid and massive production of IgG antibodies, which cross the placenta and bind to the foetus's red blood cells. Since the introduction of Rh immunoglobulin (RhIG) in 1968, the incidence has decreased significantly (Harmening, 2012). This disease can cause foetal anaemia, erythropoiesis with hepatosplenomegaly, increased bilirubin due to the destruction of red blood cells. In some cases, this can be fatal.
A male newborn, delivered at 38 weeks via cesarean section due to fetal distress, weighed 2.9 kg at birth.
He had low APGAR scores-4 at the 1st minute and 6 at the 5th-indicating clinical instability. He was
admitted to the neonatal unit with severe jaundice, respiratory distress, and hemodynamic instability.
Initial labs revealed anemia (hemoglobin 7 g/dL) and elevated indirect bilirubin. A positive direct Coombs
test confirmed hemolytic anemia due to ABO incompatibility, which exacerbated the jaundice.Despite
initiation of intensive phototherapy, bilirubin levels remained critically high, raising concern for bilirubin
encephalopathy. Given the lack of response and risk of neurological damage, an exchange transfusion was
promptly indicated. This therapeutic procedure involves replacing the infant's blood with donor blood to
reduce bilirubin levels and remove maternal antibodies. The newborn was placed in a supine position, and
the transfusion was performed in stages, replacing approximately 85% of his blood volume with double the
volume of fresh donor blood. The procedure was carried out under continuous monitoring of vital signs,
laboratory parameters, and strict hemodynamic control.
Stroke is the leading cause of death and permanent disability in Portugal, requiring nurses to have solid
knowledge for effective intervention. This study assesses the level of stroke knowledge among first- and
fourth-year nursing students, identifying gaps and progress throughout the academic journey.
The aim was to evaluate the level of stroke knowledge among first- and fourth-year undergraduate nursing
students at the School of Health of Bragança. Specific objectives included: identifying knowledge of risk
factors, assessing the ability to recognize warning signs, and analyzing knowledge of initial therapeutic
interventions, The results indicate an improvement in stroke knowledge; however. The adoption of active methodologies,
such as clinical simulations and case studies, may strengthen learning and better prepare nurses for a rapid
stroke response.
