Clustering the portuguese employee population regarding gender: a NUTIII cluster analysis
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abstract
Throughout the last century and the last decade of the XXI century, where the issue is being discussed in several social, political and scientific forums, women have achieved unquestionable labour market rights increasing their presence and visibility. Nevertheless, they continue to be discriminated in modern labour market environments and gender segregation continues to be a feature common to many markets, namely the ones of more developed economies such as the Portuguese. The phenomenon is undesirable and has been fought by a number of public measures, not just those addressed directly at the labour market but also those which aim to combat gender discrimination in societies as a whole. In order these measures could be effective and produce the desired effects, it is necessary to know and understand the reality in order to act on it. In particular, it is necessary to understand if there are regional differences that can be considered in specific public policies directed to well-targeted populations. The availability of regional statistical information on the labour market, which provides information by gender, for variables such as staff employed by companies regarding professions, duration and type of work or earnings and remuneration earned by men and women in different economic activities, allows also the use of increasingly sophisticated statistical techniques and thus to develop and present research that characterizes the female and male NUTIII employee population in mainland Portugal. Considering the new potential of information and statistical methodologies, this paper applies the exploratory analysis of clusters to develop hypotheses about the existence of regional differences related to men and women employee in the national labour market. The latest data for the desired regional division, which match the intermunicipal communities, made available by the National Statistical Institution refer to
2013, a period not too far away from the present time to identify patterns on which the public power may act developing the most adequate and effective measures.
