Extraction of Chlorophylls from natural sources
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The growing consumers’ concern for possible long-term adverse effects of artificial molecules commonly used in food industry has led to an increased interest in natural products. At the same time, there is a demand for a more eco-sustainable use of natural matrices, which justifies the search for byproducts that have no other application to be explored in the development of novel food products [1,2]. In this context,
the present study was designed to exploit natural pigments, more specifically chlorophylls, from bioresidues (aerial parts of carrot and tomato) for the development of food colorants. These are the most abundant pigments in plants and present, beyond their great coloring capacity, several bioactive properties, which corroborates the importance of their application in foodstuff. In this work, different extraction methodologies and techniques (maceration, ME, and ultrasound-assisted, USE) were applied to the lyophilized aerial parts of carrot and tomato to maximize the chlorophyll extraction yield. For the extraction, green solvents were prioritized, namely water, ethanol (90%), and hexane. The parameters
affecting the pigments recovery were varied for each technique, namely the time, power, and solvent for USE, and the time and solvent for ME. The extractions were performed protecting the samples from light and the results were monitored through the implementation of a new chromatographic method, HPLC coupled to a diode array detector (DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS), to determine the concentration of
chlorophylls and the best procedure to be performed. Both aerial parts presented chlorophylls and derivatives in significant concentrations and extraction yields up to 88% for the ethanolic extracts. The applied chromatographic method revealed to be appropriate for the analysis of this class of pigments, allowing a good peak resolution and separation, but also characteristic TIC spectrum for the tentative identification of the compounds. Therefore, the results of the present study can be explored for the
development of chlorophyl-based colorants from these bioresidues, but also from similar byproducts.
