Study of the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of two Euphorbia species
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In this research, a study of the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of two
Euphorbia species (Euphorbia hirta and Euphorbia jolkinii) was developed. Euphorbia species
belong to the Euphorbiaceae family, being commonly found in America and tropical Africa.
Euphorbia species have been traditionally used in folk medicine to treat gonorrhea, migraines,
intestinal parasites, warts, and skin diseases [1]. Since there is more data available of Euphorbia
hirta, the aim of this study was to provide a comparison between E. hirta and E. jokinii regarding
their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. For the cellular antioxidant
activity, murine macrophage cells RAW 264.7 were used following the procedure described by
Wolf & Lui (2007). E. hirta showed better inhibition percentage results than E. jolkinii, being
2,000 μg/mL, the maximum concentration tested for both samples. Extracts of both Euphorbia
species were used to determine their antimicrobial activity. Gram-negative and Gram-positive
food and clinical bacteria were tested for this assay. Moreover, Streptomycin, Methicillin and
Ampicillin were used as controllers to compare both MIC and MBC results. For the food bacteria,
E. jolkinii had better MIC results than E. hirta when Gram-negative bacteria were tested,
although it was lower than controllers. MBC results for both Euphorbia species were similar and
lower than the controllers. When Gram-positive clinical bacteria were tested, similar MIC results
between both extracts were obtained. However, when L. monocytogenes and S. aureus were
tested, E. jolkinii showed better MIC results. Antifungal activity was also assessed using
ketoconazole as control and Aspergillus brasiliensis and Aspergillus fumigatus as fungi.
Unsatisfactory results were obtained for both Euphorbia species for both fungi. AGS, CaCo2,
MCF-7, NCl-H460, PLP2 and RAW 264.7 cell lines were used for the anti-inflammatory assay.
Ellipticine was used as control in all the cell lines except in RAW 264.7, where dexamethasone
was used. Results showed lower anti-inflammatory activity of the 2 extracts compared to the
controllers in all cell lines, being E. jolkinii the one with lower GI50. Considering the obtained
results, although E. hirta has been widely studied, E. jolkinii showed better antimicrobial and
anti-inflammatory activities, being a suitable option for the pharmacological industry.
